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The foodose Brief

The GLP-1 world, made clear.

The trials, the rulings and the studies that actually affect you, summarised for a busy reader and linked to the original source. No hype. No diet talk. Just what changed and what it means for you.

AccessOctober 8, 2026

Zepbound is back on CVS Caremark's main formularies from 1 October, as more employers drop weight-loss coverage

On 1 October 2026 CVS Caremark restored Zepbound (tirzepatide) as a preferred option on its most common commercial formularies, alongside Wegovy. At the same time, the share of large employers covering GLP-1s for weight fell from 72% in 2025 to 60% in 2026.

Source: CVS Health4 min readRead
TrialsOctober 8, 2026

Adding an amylin drug to tirzepatide: 23.3% weight loss against 14.8% on tirzepatide alone, but more people stopped

In a 48-week phase 2 trial presented at EASD 2026 on 30 September, Lilly's EloraTZP, the amylin drug eloralintide combined with tirzepatide, produced up to 23.3% weight loss in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes, against 14.8% on tirzepatide 15 mg alone.

Source: Eli Lilly, EASD 20264 min readRead
RegulationOctober 8, 2026

South Korea approves Eppe, its first home-grown GLP-1 for weight loss

South Korea's Ministry of Food and Drug Safety approved Hanmi Pharmaceutical's efpeglenatide, sold as Eppe, on 7 October 2026. In a phase 3 trial of 448 Korean adults, it produced 9.02% average weight loss at 40 weeks, against 0.89% on placebo.

Source: Korea JoongAng Daily4 min readRead
RegulationOctober 8, 2026

UK regulator makes nine more online providers change their weight-loss jab adverts

On 2 October 2026 the MHRA published the names of nine UK pharmacies and clinics that amended their advertising after complaints that they were promoting prescription-only weight-loss medicines to the public. It follows five in February and more than 25 businesses in 2025.

Source: Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)4 min readRead
TrialsOctober 8, 2026

The GLP-1 pill Foundayo passed its heart safety test against insulin in 2,749 people with type 2 diabetes

ACHIEVE-4, published in The Lancet on 30 September 2026 and presented at EASD 2026, found that Lilly's daily GLP-1 pill orforglipron (Foundayo) was not worse for the heart than insulin glargine: 4.2% against 5.0% had a major heart event over a median of 2 years.

Source: The Lancet (ACHIEVE-4), Eli Lilly4 min readRead
TrialsOctober 8, 2026

Petrelintide, an amylin shot that is not a GLP-1, reached 10.7% weight loss, and vomiting was rarer than on placebo

Two phase 2 trials of petrelintide, a weekly amylin injection from Zealand Pharma and Roche, reported in the window: ZUPREME-1, published on 29 September 2026, found up to 10.7% weight loss at 42 weeks, and ZUPREME-2, announced on 7 October, found up to 9.2% at 28 weeks in type 2 diabetes.

Source: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (ZUPREME 1), Zealand Pharma4 min readRead
TrialsOctober 8, 2026

Retatrutide's full TRIUMPH-1 paper: 25.0% weight loss counting everyone, plus less knee pain and fewer apnoea events

The full TRIUMPH-1 trial of Lilly's retatrutide was published in the New England Journal of Medicine on 29 September 2026. Counting everyone who was randomised, the 12 mg dose produced 25.0% weight loss at 80 weeks against 3.9% on placebo, with less knee pain and fewer sleep apnoea events.

Source: New England Journal of Medicine (TRIUMPH-1)4 min readRead
TrialsOctober 8, 2026

Retatrutide in type 2 diabetes: 20.8% weight loss at 80 weeks, and 4 in 10 reached a non-diabetic A1C

Lilly's phase 3 TRIUMPH-2 trial, published in The Lancet on 29 September 2026 and presented at EASD 2026, found that adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes lost 20.8% of their weight on retatrutide 12 mg over 80 weeks (18.8% counting everyone), with A1C falling by up to 1.6 points.

Source: The Lancet (TRIUMPH-2), Eli Lilly4 min readRead
AccessOctober 8, 2026

Canada approves Sandoz's generic Ozempic, adding to its list of cheaper semaglutide

On 18 September 2026 Sandoz said Health Canada had approved Sandoz Semaglutide, a generic version of Ozempic for type 2 diabetes. It joins generics from Dr. Reddy's and Apotex in Canada, where Health Canada says generics are often 45 to 90% cheaper than the brand.

Source: Sandoz Canada4 min readRead
AccessSeptember 22, 2026

GLP-1 prescriptions without an approved reason rose 15-fold from 2021 to 2025, and a third went to people with a normal BMI

NYU researchers searched 92.4 million US health records for adults given a GLP-1 without type 2 diabetes or a qualifying weight. 1.13 million were, prescribing rose 15-fold from 2021 to 2025, and 35.1% had a normal BMI.

Source: Obesity (The Obesity Society), NYU5 min readRead
TrialsSeptember 20, 2026

An MRI substudy finds the fat inside the muscle fell too

In a prespecified MRI substudy of the STEP UP trial, semaglutide reduced adipose tissue by 11.1 litres against placebo and cut fat infiltration inside the thigh muscle by 0.92 percentage points, while the change in thigh muscle volume was not statistically significant.

Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism (STEP UP secondary analysis)4 min readRead
ScienceSeptember 19, 2026

Six months of real-world scans: most of what came off was fat

In 388 adults followed for six months in an endocrinology clinic, weight fell 11.3%, driven by a 8.95% fall in fat mass and a 40.6 cm2 fall in visceral fat area, while skeletal muscle fell by 1.46 kg.

Source: Endocrine Practice (real-world observational study)3 min readRead
ScienceSeptember 18, 2026

Before an endoscopy, a day of clear liquids may beat skipping your dose

A review of the evidence on GLP-1s and sedated endoscopy finds that holding a dose and continuing the medicine with 24 hours of clear liquids beforehand are both effective, with a trend towards the liquid diet being better.

Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology (review)3 min readRead
ScienceSeptember 17, 2026

Fewer than a third of people are still taking their GLP-1 a year later

In a claims study of 201,229 adults with obesity and no diabetes, only 30.7% were still persistently taking a GLP-1 twelve months after starting, and 19.6% stopped almost immediately.

Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism (MarketScan claims cohort)3 min readRead
ScienceSeptember 17, 2026

One in six young people on a GLP-1 picked up a nutritional deficiency within a year

Among 2,031 patients aged 10 to 17 who started a GLP-1, 16.88% were diagnosed with a nutritional deficiency or related complication within a year, most often vitamin D. Only 23.3% had a nutrition consultation within 180 days.

Source: Childhood Obesity (Inovalon claims analysis)3 min readRead
IndustrySeptember 16, 2026

Novo previews what it is bringing to EASD: the pill in the real world, and food noise under an fMRI

Novo Nordisk has said it will present 44 abstracts at the EASD annual meeting from 28 September, including real-world weight outcomes for people switching from injections to the Wegovy pill, and functional MRI work on appetite and food cue reactivity.

Source: Novo Nordisk company announcement3 min readRead
ScienceSeptember 16, 2026

Dropping to a lower tirzepatide dose kept much of the weight off, a new trial finds

In a year-long trial, adults who stepped down from 10 or 15 mg of tirzepatide to 5 mg ended 16.6% below their starting weight, against 21.9% for those who stayed on their dose and 9.9% for those switched to placebo.

Source: The Lancet (SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN)3 min readRead
ScienceSeptember 3, 2026

A genetic study links GLP-1 activity to male-pattern hair loss. Here is what it did and did not find

NYU Langone researchers used 22 gene variants that raise GLP-1 receptor activity as a stand-in for the drugs, and found about 7% added risk of male-pattern hair loss in men. Nobody in the study took a GLP-1.

Source: Journal of Investigative Dermatology (NYU Langone Health)5 min readRead
TrialsAugust 10, 2026

Another GLP-1 pill reaches 12% weight loss in a mid-stage trial

In a phase 2b trial published in Nature Medicine, the oral small-molecule GLP-1 aleniglipron produced 9.0%, 10.7% and 12.1% weight loss at three doses over 36 weeks, against 0.5% on placebo.

Source: Nature Medicine, via Northwestern Medicine3 min readRead
ScienceJuly 29, 2026

Study: your starting body composition predicts how much of your GLP-1 weight loss is muscle

A real-world study of 396 GLP-1 users found muscle made up 21.6% of the weight lost, and that your muscle-to-fat ratio at the start predicts your share.

Source: PR Newswire (Withings, published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Digital Health)3 min readRead
IndustryJuly 23, 2026

The GLP-1 diet is now a household diet: 12% of UK homes have a user, and 80% say everyone eats differently

New NIQ and IGD data shows 12% of UK households now include a GLP-1 user, and 80% say it changed how the whole home eats. Protein and fibre went up. Everything else went down.

Source: NIQ (NielsenIQ) with IGD3 min readRead
ScienceJuly 22, 2026

GLP-1 hair loss: a BMJ study says the cause is how fast you lose, and what you stop eating

A BMJ study of tens of thousands of adults links GLP-1 use to more recorded hair loss. The named mechanism is rapid weight loss and nutrient shortfalls, not the drug.

Source: The BMJ (BMJ Group)3 min readRead
IndustryJuly 22, 2026

High-protein pretzels and 20-gram soups: Philadelphia's food brands reformulate for GLP-1 shoppers

Philly Pretzel Factory, Campbell's and Honeygrow are rebuilding products around protein and fibre as GLP-1 use spreads. What the new labels are actually worth.

Source: The Philadelphia Inquirer3 min readRead
RegulationJuly 13, 2026

Nobody defines "GLP-1 friendly" food, and the FDA says it has no plans to

Bloomberg Law found hundreds of foods and supplements sold as "GLP-1 friendly". There is no federal definition of the phrase, and the FDA says it has no action planned.

Source: Bloomberg Law3 min readRead
ScienceJuly 9, 2026

The GLP-1 Diet Advice Gap: Trials Almost Never Measured What People Ate

A scoping review of 129 GLP-1 trials found only 10 reported dietary outcomes. Eating guidance on a GLP-1 comes from nutrition science, not from the drug labels.

Source: Nutrition Insight3 min readRead
TrialsJune 22, 2026

Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide: A Meta-Analysis Picks a Winner

A June 2026 meta-analysis of 28 trials puts tirzepatide vs semaglutide head to head. Tirzepatide won on weight, but the best drug is the one you stay on.

Source: The Hill / systematic review & meta-analysis3 min readRead
ScienceJune 16, 2026

Good news for women in midlife: GLP-1s work just as well through menopause

A new analysis of the large SURMOUNT trial found tirzepatide produced about the same weight loss, roughly 20%, whether a woman was premenopausal, perimenopausal or postmenopausal. A separate study suggests hormone therapy may add to the effect.

Source: NewYork-Presbyterian / Weill Cornell Medicine3 min readRead
ScienceJune 16, 2026

Ozempic, Knee Arthritis Pain, and What STEP-9 Actually Found

Semaglutide cut knee osteoarthritis pain substantially in the STEP-9 trial, and 2026 lab work hints at direct cartilage protection. What it means for women on a GLP-1.

Source: NEJM (STEP-9) / Cell Metabolism / Mass General Brigham3 min readRead
ScienceJune 15, 2026

Most women who stop a GLP-1 end up back on it. New data shows just how common that is.

A study of 60,000 patients found that about 40% stopped their GLP-1 within a year, but most started again soon after: 42% within a year, nearly 60% within two. The weight tends to come back, and so do they.

Source: Endocrine Society (ENDO 2026)3 min readRead
ScienceJune 13, 2026

People move less once they start a GLP-1, and the data shows how much

Wearable data from 753 adults in the All of Us programme found daily steps fell from 5,047 to 4,487, and moderate to vigorous activity from 28 minutes a day to 22, after starting a GLP-1.

Source: Endocrine Society, ENDO 20263 min readRead
RegulationJune 12, 2026

The FDA is moving to permanently shut down compounded versions of Ozempic, Wegovy and Mounjaro

The FDA has proposed formally barring pharmacies from making compounded copies of semaglutide, tirzepatide and liraglutide. It is the end of the cheaper, copied versions that filled the shortage years.

Source: Pharmacy Times3 min readRead
ScienceJune 11, 2026

The newest GLP-1 worry is about your bones. Here is the calm, accurate version.

New research links GLP-1 use to a modest rise in osteoporosis: roughly 4% of users versus 3% of non-users. The likely cause is not the drug itself but the rapid weight and muscle loss that comes with it, which is preventable.

Source: NBC News / Nature Bone Research3 min readRead
ScienceJune 10, 2026

A first-of-its-kind trial suggests semaglutide may slow biological ageing, not just weight

In the first randomised human trial to look at it, semaglutide slowed several markers of biological ageing by around 9%. The likely reason: less inflammation and less fat around the organs.

Source: Nature Communications3 min readRead
TrialsJune 9, 2026

A GLP-1 in a pill, not a needle: AstraZeneca's new tablet led to 10.5% weight loss

AstraZeneca's once-daily pill, elecoglipron, helped people with type 2 diabetes lose about 10.5% of their body weight in six months, with no injection required. The results were published in The Lancet.

Source: The Lancet / Healthline2 min readRead
TrialsJune 8, 2026

The biggest diabetes meeting of the year just happened. Here is what came out of it for women on a GLP-1.

More than 12,000 doctors and researchers met in New Orleans for the American Diabetes Association's 2026 sessions. The theme this year was a quiet shift: these drugs are no longer judged only by the scale.

Source: American Diabetes Association3 min readRead
ScienceJune 8, 2026

A drug aimed at GLP-1's biggest flaw: keeping muscle while you lose fat

A combination of semaglutide and an experimental drug called bimagrumab reached 22% weight loss with almost all of it coming from fat: lean mass loss was held to under 3%, versus 7.4% on semaglutide alone.

Source: ADA 2026 / Nature Medicine3 min readRead
TrialsJune 7, 2026

Novo Nordisk's new two-in-one shot, CagriSema, posted strong numbers. The reaction was cooler than expected.

Novo Nordisk's CagriSema, which combines semaglutide with a second appetite hormone, delivered about 14% weight loss in its REIMAGINE trials. Good numbers, but analysts felt they looked modest next to the competition.

Source: Novo Nordisk / Managed Healthcare Executive3 min readRead
TrialsJune 7, 2026

Another strong contender: survodutide reaches 16.6% weight loss in its first big trial

Boehringer Ingelheim's survodutide, a two-hormone drug, produced up to 16.6% weight loss over 76 weeks in its first large Phase 3 trial, adding yet another serious option to a fast-filling field.

Source: Boehringer Ingelheim2 min readRead
ScienceJune 6, 2026

GLP-1s linked to far fewer deaths and heart events in people with autoimmune disease, a group that is mostly women

In 26,000 adults who had both obesity and an autoimmune disease, GLP-1 users had a 44% lower risk of death, plus fewer heart events, ER visits and blood clots. Autoimmune conditions fall mostly on women.

Source: Journal of the American Heart Association3 min readRead
TrialsJune 6, 2026

A GLP-1 you take once a month, not once a week: Pfizer's shot holds up

Pfizer's experimental injection kept working when patients switched from weekly to monthly dosing, with up to 12.3% weight loss at 28 weeks. A once-a-month GLP-1 may genuinely be on the way.

Source: Pfizer2 min readRead
ScienceJune 3, 2026

GLP-1 Brain Benefits: Lower Dementia and Addiction Risk

A WashU and VA study mapping 175 outcomes across 2 million people links GLP-1 brain benefits to lower dementia, addiction and self-harm risk.

Source: Nature Medicine / WashU Medicine & VA St. Louis3 min readRead
ScienceJune 2, 2026

Up to 47% lower breast cancer risk in GLP-1 users, and weight loss may not fully explain it

A study of more than 110,000 women presented at the ASCO cancer meeting found GLP-1 users were up to 47% less likely to develop breast cancer. Intriguingly, the weight loss alone did not appear to account for all of it.

Source: ASCO 2026 / JCO Oncology Practice3 min readRead
ScienceMay 28, 2026

GLP-1 Stigma and Judgment: Inside the Rice Paradox

A Rice University study found GLP-1 stigma and judgment runs deeper than expected: medication users were judged more harshly than dieters, or non-losers.

Source: Rice University / International Journal of Obesity3 min readRead
TrialsApril 23, 2026

Weight Regain After Stopping Ozempic: A 1-Hour 'Gut Reset'

An investigational 1-hour endoscopic 'gut reset' (DMR) blunted weight regain after stopping Ozempic-class drugs in the REMAIN-1 trial. Promising, early, still investigational.

Source: ScienceDaily (REMAIN-1, Digestive Disease Week)3 min readRead
RegulationApril 1, 2026

A GLP-1 pill you can take at any time of day is approved

The FDA has approved orforglipron, sold as Foundayo, a once-daily small-molecule GLP-1 tablet for weight management that carries no food or water timing rules.

Source: Eli Lilly company announcement4 min readRead
RegulationJanuary 29, 2026

UK regulator strengthens the pancreatitis warning on every GLP-1

The MHRA has updated the product information for every GLP-1 and dual GLP-1/GIP medicine to cover severe acute pancreatitis, including necrotising and fatal cases, after reviewing 1,296 Yellow Card reports.

Source: MHRA Drug Safety Update3 min readRead
RegulationDecember 22, 2025

The first GLP-1 you swallow is approved for weight loss

The FDA has approved a once-daily 25 mg semaglutide tablet for weight management and for reducing the risk of major cardiac events, the first GLP-1 for weight loss that is swallowed rather than injected.

Source: Novo Nordisk company announcement3 min readRead
ScienceNovember 11, 2025

An international panel sets out what people on GLP-1s should be eating

An international panel of physicians, researchers and dietitians has agreed a set of nutrition and lifestyle recommendations for people taking GLP-1 medicines, built by a modified Delphi process on a review of the literature to mid-2025.

Source: Obesity Pillars (expert consensus, modified Delphi)4 min readRead
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